China fires up powerful particle accelerator to unlock secrets of atoms
China has officially launched the High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility, a major research complex located in Huizhou, Guangdong. This facility represents a significant leap in particle physics, capable of producing the most intense beams of charged atoms currently available in the world. Developed over 16 years by the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou, the facility cost approximately 2.6 billion yuan to construct.
The HIAF distinguishes itself through its unique configuration, which integrates a 100-metre linear accelerator with a 570-metre circular accelerator and storage rings. This setup allows researchers to reach higher energy levels and sustain experiments by circulating atomic nuclei more effectively than previous systems. By firing these charged ions like microscopic bullets, scientists can simulate conditions found inside stars or during supernova explosions.
Beyond basic research into the structure of nuclei and the limits of the periodic table, the facility has practical applications. Researchers plan to use the accelerator to develop advanced spacecraft materials, test components against radiation, and improve cancer therapy techniques. Early experiments have already successfully performed high-precision nuclear mass measurements and produced radioactive nuclei since the first beam was generated in October 2025.
Chief engineer Yang Jiancheng noted that the facility solves complex engineering challenges, such as building an ultra-high-vacuum system to prevent beam interference. With construction concluded after nearly two decades of planning and development, the Chinese government has stated that the HIAF remains open to international scientific collaboration for those seeking to push the boundaries of nuclear science.